Alfred Hitchcocks Rear Window Essay - 1050 Words

Alfred Hitchcocks Rear Window In Rear Window, Alfred Hitchcock took a plot-driven short story and transformed it into a character-driven movie. Although differences must exist between text and film, because of the limitations and advantages of the different media, Hitchcock has done more than translate a word-based story into a visual movie. Aside from adding enough details to fill a two-hour movie, Hitchcock has done much to change the perspective of the story, as well as the main character. The novel’s Hal Jeffries, a seemingly hard-boiled and not overly intellectual man contrasts sharply with the photojournalist J.B. Jeffries of the movie. The addition of supporting characters, such as Lisa, diminishes somewhat the†¦show more content†¦Hitchcock uses several devices to help the reader identify more with the character of Jeff. While he obviously desires to be some kind of hero, both in the story and the movie, he as prevented from doing so in both by the restriction of his moveme nt. The story never explains fully the reason Jeffries is bound to his room, merely saying â€Å"my movements were strictly limited†¦I could get from the window to the bed, and from the bed to the window† (5). In the film, Jeff has broken his leg while photographing a car crash. The specificity of the injury not only justifies Jeff’s immobility, but also gives him a more masculine edge, by his actions while being injured. The Jeffries character in the short story appears to be a lone sort of character. He lives alone, with little contact with the outside world. His only human interaction, aside from the imagined connection provided by his watching his neighbors, occurs with Sam, a paid servant. While his suspicions of his neighbor do force him to contact a detective, his thoughts before he calls the detective reveal his isolationist tendencies: â€Å"I didn’t want to be involved any more than I had to. Or at all, if possible† (16). Boyne’s excited response to Jeff’s call shows how long he has been isolated, although the cause of Jeff’s withdrawal, goes, like so much else in the story, unexplained. In the movie, Hitchcock lessens theShow MoreRelated Alfred Hitchcock’s Rear Window Essay1177 Words   |  5 PagesAlfred Hitchcock’s Rear Window In Alfred Hitchcock’s Rear Window, L.B. Jeffries, played by Jimmy Stewart, becomes completely obsessed with spending all of his waking hours watching his neighbors from his wheelchair. He even uses a camera to better his view and thus enhances his role as both a spectator and a voyeur. This contributes to the creation of a movie being played right outside Jeffries’ window. In this â€Å"movie within the movie† his neighbors’ lives become the subject for the plot. EachRead MoreAlfred Hitchcocks Rear Window: Sound Essay1413 Words   |  6 Pagesbe an aural sense but a visual sense as well and director Alfred Hitchcock knew this and applied it in his movie Rear Window. 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But after examining these twoRead MoreEssay on Alfred Hitchcocks Control Of What We See in Rear Window990 Words   |  4 PagesAlfred Hitchcocks Control Of What We See in Rear Window Alfred Hitchcock controls what we see in the film by firstly controlling what the camera shows, he adds small details to the film to provide reasons for various events happening, he also uses each of the characters to convey a message to the public, includes some short but effective shots of some of the characters to stir certain feelings within the audience, uses light humour and sometimes uses only visual aidsRead MoreEssay about Alfred Hitchcocks Rear Window and the Crime Fiction Genre2515 Words   |  11 PagesAlfred Hitchcocks Rear Window continues and expands on traditional themes of the Detective Fiction Genre. In 1841, Murder in the Rue Morgue by Edgar Allan Poe broke the traditional character constraints of the Crime Fiction Genre, by introducing a new type of lead detective figure. The ideal detective figure encompassed traits of superiority, intelligence, wit and a keen sense for observation. The lead detective figure is a sophisticated character that is not bound to the constrictions and limitationsRead MoreThe Narrative Techniques Used by Hitchcock in Rear Window Essay887 Words   |  4 PagesThe Narrative Techniques Used by Hitchcock in Rear Window L.B. Jeffries is a high-class magazine photographer for what seems to be a worldwide publication. In Alfred Hitchcocks Rear Window, he is a temporarily wheelchair-bound man and his voyeuristic side appears later on in the film. Rear Window depicts a 20th century New York in which fraudsters, murderers and salesmen all live alongside each other. The story describes a man who broke his leg during a photographyRead MoreThe Master Of Suspense And Alfred Hitchcock1389 Words   |  6 Pagesall have two attributes in common; the tactful use of suspense and Alfred Hitchcock. Each person in the list above has, at one point, named Alfred Hitchcock as an influence for their works (IMDb). Hitchcock has been known as, â€Å"the master of suspense,† throughout his career and it shows, not only in the movies that he directed personally, but in the movies of the other directors and producers who aspire to compare to him. Hitchcock’s auteur, or reoccurring themes within movies that can be traced backRead MoreAnalysis Of Alfred Hitchcock s Use Of Mis En Scene1312 Words   |  6 Pagesbathroom break. Mis-en scene simply refers to the setting and surrounding of an event within film. This element of a film is another way for a director to add more detail to an important scene, or to simply enhance an atmospheric understanding. Alfred Hitchcock’s use of mis-en scene within a film accompanies his rich portrayal of suspense, avidly depicted throughout the majority of his films. Mis-en scene incorporates a large number of features including costume design, actors, lighting, props, colourRead MoreVisual Pleasure And Narrative Cinema933 Words   |  4 Pagesdirector Alfred Hitchcock’s film Rear Window for how he portrayed woman in the film. Alfred Hitchcock’s movie correlates to Mulvey’s ideas which support her theories of scopophilia and voyeurism in cinema, she believed that the film exploits the male gaze and how it antagonises woman in an anti-feminism manner. In the film, the main actor is restricted in his apartment due to his broken leg from his latest assigned project. He spends most of his time watching his neighbours from his window and later

Torts; CyberTorts; Strict Liability; Products Liability; Consumer

Essays on Torts; CyberTorts; Strict Liability; Products Liability; Consumer Protection Essay TORTS Cyber Torts, Strict Liability, Products Liability, Consumer Protection Introduction The business world is governed largely by 2 types of law, contract law and tort law. Contract law pertains to the specific terms and conditions involved in the supply of a particular product or service. On the other hand, tort law governs all business practices (Cornell 2011) It is based on unwritten common law, although it can be reinforced by statutes passed by the legislature. Aside from these statutes, court decisions are based on precedent, that is, previous cases involving similar facts. Torts are wrongs committed against individuals and groups and can be intentional or unintentional. Intentional torts are wrongs done deliberately and therefore criminal and dealt with by criminal law and are uninsurable. On the other hand, unintentional torts are those committed inadvertently often due to negligence or carelessness and are therefore usually insurable. Examples of torts are cyber, strict li ability, and product liability, for which consumer protection is required. Cyber Torts Cyber Torts are simply wrongs committed over the internet which cause some kind of harm to the internet user. (Talbot 2010) Examples include identity theft, illegal piracy of electronic property, arranging meetings for criminal transactions, false impersonation to obtain information and sending out vast amounts of e-mails containing harmful data or spam. As it is often difficult to determine who is responsible protective software is being developed. The most common cyber tort is identity theft followed by home shopping catalog sales. Other examples are trespass to chattels, conversion, cyber stalking/harassment and defamation. An example of the latter is a case where a female teenager befriended a male counterpart on My Space who made nasty comments about her resulting in her suicide. In defamation the negative comments must be false as truth is an absolute defense. They must involve the unprivile ged publication of a statement to third parties (internet users) by at least the negligent acts of the publisher and cause perceivable damage to a perspective plaintiff. They are considered especially dangerous because of the global reach of the internet and the potential for source anonymity. Conversion is the unlawful application of the personal goods of another by the taker or a third party other than the owner and/or destroying or altering its’ nature. The required elements for a lawsuit are ownership or right of possession by the plaintiff, the defendants’ conversion by a wrongful act and causing harm to the plaintiff. Similarly, trespass to chattels requires meddling with a chattel in possession of another resulting in a) dispossession of the chattel, b) deprivation of the use of the chattel, c) impairment of the condition of the chattel and d) harm to the legal possessor of the chattel. Strict Liability Strict liability differs from ordinary liability in that a plaintiff does not have to prove the defendants’ negligence caused them harm, only that they sustained damage or injury resulting from an appropriate use of the defendants’ product or service.(Cornell 2011) For example, an employer may be held liable for the torts of an employee, unless the employer can demonstrate that the employee performed contrary to the employers’ instructions. In a products liability case where strict liability has been imposed by legislation because the product is inherently dangerous, purchasers of the product and injured others only have to prove the item was defective, that the defect caused the injury and the defect rendered the product inherently dangerous, even if the defendant exercised utmost care and was not negligent. The only defenses in such cases would be if the defendant could prove the plaintiff misused and/or tampered with the product causing it to become dangerous. In cases of harm caused by animals, strict liability is n ot usually imposed on owners unless by legislation or it can be shown the owner knew of the animals’ propensity to cause harm or it is considered a wild animal or did not take appropriate steps to restrain them. Another situation that could attract liability is the operation of an explosives factory in an urban area. Products Liability Products liability law is derived mainly from tort law although it can be codified by statute. (Cornell 2011)For example, regardless of any warranties supplied by the manufacturer products must be reasonably fit for the purpose intended and free from defects which could cause harm to the consumer and others. Assuming defects are caused by unintentional torts, they are generally insurable. Strict liability is usually applicable because it is often difficult for a consumer to determine whether the cause of the loss is a design, manufacturing or marketing defect, that is failure provide the consumer with accurate and complete instructions. Therefo re all parties involved in the manufacture and sale of the product are jointly and severally responsible for damage and injury caused although insurance companies under a liability policy are required to pay only for resulting damage and injuries, not replacing the defective product itself. While strict liability may apply, there are defenses available. For example, if it can be shown that the consumer caused the damage themselves by dropping,, abusing or otherwise misusing the product, all defendants could escape liability, If a retailer can show that the product was received and sold in a sealed container they avoid liability. Generally, if any party can show that it would have been impossible for them to have contributed to the loss in any way, they can escape liability but the onus is on them to prove that. Consumer Protection The US Federal Trade Commission publishes various articles to educate the public on how to avoid scams or rip offs in different types of purchases and how to optimally exercise their rights.(Federal Trade Com.2009)Various jurisdictions have government consumer protection departments and organizations such as the Better Business Bureau and trade associations for the product involved can investigate on behalf of the consumer and assist in resolving legitimate complaints without litigation. Conclusion Aside from contractual obligations, tort law imposes requirements on the design, manufacturer and distributor of products. It is up to consumers to educate themselves on their rights if they feel they have been victims of tort infractions and to seek appropriate assistance when necessary. References1) Talbot, Jonathon Tyler† Cyber Crimes† Penn State April 19, 2010 retrieved from https://webspaces.psu.edu (1ST432_SP10_TEAM4_CyberCrimesand Torts.2) â€Å"Products Liability Law† Legal Information Institute Cornell University Law School Aug. 19. 2011 retrieved from http://www.law.cornell.edu.3) â€Å"Strict Liability† Legal Information Institute Cornell University Law School Aug. 19. 2011 et al.4) â€Å"Tort Law an Overview† Legal Information Institute Cornell University Law School Aug. 19, 2011 et al.5) â€Å"Protecting America’s Consumers Federal Trade Commission Feb. 18, 2009† retrieved from www.ftc.gov/bcp/consumers.htm.

Critical Analysis on Security Concerns - Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Critical Analysis on Security Concerns. Answer: Introduction: The concept of integrity, confidentiality and availability can be considered as CIA trait, which is nothing but a model which is implemented for the purpose of guiding the information security within any form of organization. In this case it can be stated that the concept of the confidentiality is the privacy aspect I the ATM machine. The PIN number are designed for the purpose of security so that any type of authorized person do not have the access to the account of the user. Safeguarding the data from any type of intrusion can be considered one of the most vital aspects in such cases. In order to achieve the security of the data there always should be a backup plan, which can be implemented if there is any type of problem relating to fire or natural disaster management (Fernandez Alexander, 2016). The ATM machine consist of many keys, which have specific operation related to it. In this case, a thief has entered and broken some of the keys in the machine. In this case, we would be using the aspect of permutation and combination in order to get the answer. 5P4 = 5! / (5-4)! = 5! /1! = 5*4*3*2*1/ 1 =120/1 =120. Therefore, it can be stated here that total number of possibility outcome in a particular situation would be 120. On the other hand, it can be mentioned that the security aspect of the ATM does allow only three tries to every user to enter their PIN and after the third PIN the card would be blocked automatically. So taking this into consideration the number of try that the theft can make is three. This is due to the factor that after the third card he would not be able to make the next try (Farooq et al., 2015). The main reason behind the reluctant use of the biometric machine are as follows: Privacy is one of the factor, which play a vital role in this aspect. It is seen majorly that there are different type of privacy issue, which are formed in the different type of technology, which are used in daily life. If somehow the server of the biometric is breached it can result in a big problem which cannot be resolved very easily. Any kind of error may lead to false rejection. The main concept which is applied to the aspect of the biometric is that the personal detail of the person would be stored in the database ones the person tries to access it, the data from the database would be accessed. If the user were located in the database, the person would be allowed or else rejected. In some cases due to false functionality the user who have the information in the database are rejected and they cannot access Lack of accuracy can also be a problem in such type of system. The concept in such a case is the false identity. It can be seen sometimes that a person with the false identity of another person would be granted entry. This may result in different types of illegal activity. The risk factors, which are stated above, can be removed with the use of multifactor biometric management. The concept is beneficial in a way that help the actual user to be identified quite easily and help the system to make to wise decision (Choi et al., 2016) The false negative thing in the concept of the biometric is that if the system rejects the identity of a particular person. It can be a problem due to the aspect of authentication, which is applied to the concept. Depending on the incident, there can be different types of illegal activities, which are performed. In most of the cases, the people using the identity of another person usually involve in different type of unethical activities. When the biometric system is implemented in, the organizational level and it lead to problem it can shut down the overall infrastructure of the organization. Encrypted Text N T J W K H X K Corresponding numeric value 14 20 10 23 11 8 24 11 Key 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 Decoded from the substitution cipher 12 17 6 21 8 4 22 8 Caeser cipher shift 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Decoded from the caeser cipher 9 14 3 18 5 1 19 5 Decoded Text I N C R E A S E Encrypted Text A M K Corresponding numeric value 1 13 11 Key 4 2 3 Decoded from the substitution cipher 23 11 8 Caeser cipher shift 3 3 3 Decoded from the caeser cipher 20 8 5 Decoded Text T H E Encrypted Text W W U J J Y Z T X Corresponding numeric value 23 23 21 10 10 25 26 20 24 Key 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 Decoded from the substitution cipher 19 21 18 6 8 22 22 18 21 Caeser cipher shift 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Decoded from the caeser cipher 16 18 15 3 5 19 19 15 18 Decoded Text P R O C E S S O R Encrypted Text M W K X Z K U H E Corresponding numeric value 13 23 11 24 26 11 21 8 5 Key 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 Decoded from the substitution cipher 9 21 8 20 24 8 17 6 2 Caeser cipher shift 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Decoded from the caeser cipher 6 18 5 17 21 5 14 3 25 Decoded Text F R E Q U E N C Y References Choi, H. S., Lee, B., Yoon, S. (2016). Biometric authentication using noisy electrocardiograms acquired by mobile sensors.IEEE Access,4, 1266-1273. Farooq, M. U., Waseem, M., Khairi, A., Mazhar, S. (2015). A critical analysis on the security concerns of internet of things (IoT).International Journal of Computer Applications,111(7). Fernandez, A., Alexander, K. M. (2016). Data Privacy and Confidentiality.iURBAN: Intelligent Urban Energy Tool, 35. Havenetidis, K., Paradisis, G. P., Karanasiou, I. S., Tsekouras, G. J. (2015). An investigation of an Artificial Neural Network method for personal identification using kinematic parameters from specific body parts.Journal of Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics,5(3), 125. He, D., Wang, D. (2015). Robust biometrics-based authentication scheme for multiserver environment.IEEE Systems Journal,9(3), 816-823.